- 1947 Partition of Palestine@
dir.yahoo.com/.../History/1947_Partition_of_Palestine
- 1973 Yom Kippur War: A Study in Soviet Era Politics, The
Focuses on Soviet contributions to the Arab military, especially in Egypt, and the failure of Western nations to react due to their dependence on oil.
www.eretzyisroel.org/~samuel/yomkippur.html
- A Great Assemblage: The Babylonian Collection
Images and descriptions from artifacts held at Sterling Memorial Library.
www.library.yale.edu/exhibition/judaica/bcsml.html
- About.com: Persian Empire
Includes information on Persepolis, Asia Minor, and a timetable.
ancienthistory.about.com/homework/ancienthistory/msub39.htm
- ABZU: Guide to Resources for the Study of the Ancient Near East
Presenting excavation reports, editions of ancient and modern texts, core monographs, dictionaries, journals, and more. Includes the ABZU guide.
www.etana.org
- al-Assad, Hafez (1930-2000)
Tribute site for the former President of Syria.
www.assad.org
- Ancient Accounts of Arabia, 430BCE-550CE
From the Ancient History Sourcebook.
www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/arabia1.html
- Ancient Babylonia: The Ziggurats
Huge stepped structures that were one of the most important aspects of Babylonian religion and tradition.
www.bible-history.com/babylonia/BabyloniaThe_Ziggurat.htm
- Ancient History Sourcebook: The Code of the Assura,
Assyrian legal code, circa 1075 B.C.E.
www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/1075assyriancode.html
- Ancient Iran - Persepolis - Persia
Includes a timeline, information on the Persian Wars, and Cyrus the Great.
www.crystalinks.com/iran.html
- Ancient Mesopotamia
Designed by teachers to be used by fourth grade students when studying the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia.
ci.shrewsbury.ma.us/Sps/Schools/Central/Curriculum/ELEMENTARY/SOCIALSTUDIES...
- Ancient Mesopotamia: This History, Our History
Interactive exhibit on ancient Mesopotamia, considered to be the cradle of civilization. From the Mesopotamian collection of the Oriental Institute Museum of the University of Chicago.
mesopotamia.lib.uchicago.edu
- Ancient Near East
Explores the art, religion, and history of this region, from prehistory to the Muslim conquest of the 7th century.
www.ancientneareast.net
- Ancient Sumeria: Temples and Ziggurats
Brief article, with pictures, about the ancient monuments crowned with temples or shrines.
www.jameswbell.com/a011templesandziggurats.html
- Arab-Israel Conflict in Maps
From the Zionist Century web site.
www.jajz-ed.org.il/100/maps/index.html
- Arab-Israeli Conflict #5 - Yom Kippur War
Explains the background and course of the conflict, the use of oil as an economic weapon by the Arab nations, and American and Soviet support for each side.
www.aish.com/jewishissues/middleeast/Arab-Israeli_Conflict_5_-_Yom_Kippur_W...
- ArabNet: Ayyubid Rule
Brief portrait of the dynasty which was established by Salah al-Din Al-Ayyubi (Saladin).
www.arab.net/egypt/et_ayyubid.htm
- Arafat, Yasser@
dir.yahoo.com/.../People/Arafat__Yasser__1929_2004_
- Arts of the Ayyubid Period, The
Considers the history and arts of the dynasty which came to power under the leadership of the Kurdish Zengid general Salah al-Din, also known as Saladin.
www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ayyu/hd_ayyu.htm
- Assyrian Kings List
Presented by Assyria Online.
www.aina.org/aol/kinglist
- Babylonia and Near Eastern Resources
From Restoring Christian Keys.
www.piney.com/BabIndex.html
- Babylonian and Egyptian Mathematics
From MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.
www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Babylonian_and_Egyptian.htm...
- Bar Kochba Revolt@
dir.yahoo.com/.../Ancient_History/Bar_Kochba_Revolt
- Barak, Ehud@
dir.yahoo.com/.../Prime_Ministers/Barak__Ehud
- Begin, Menachem (1913-1992)@
dir.yahoo.com/.../Prime_Ministers/Begin__Menachem__1913_1992_
- Ben-Gurion, David (1886-1973)@
dir.yahoo.com/.../Prime_Ministers/Ben_Gurion__David__1886_1973_
- Black September@
dir.yahoo.com/.../History/Black_September
- British Museum, The: Mesopotamia
Exhibit exploring Mesopotamia, including the geography, mythology, and history of the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Sumerian civilizations.
www.mesopotamia.co.uk
- Catholic Encyclopedia: Assyria
Covering geography, sources of Assyro-Babylonian history, and other topics.
www.newadvent.org/cathen/02007c.htm
- Catholic Encyclopedia: Babylonia
Covering aspects of geography, early history, the first and Chaldean empires.
www.newadvent.org/cathen/02179b.htm
- Catholic Encyclopedia: Captivities of the Israelites
Covers in brief the Assyrian, Babylonian, and Roman captivities.
www.newadvent.org/cathen/03315a.htm
- Chicago Assyrian Dictionary Project
Compiling a comprehensive dictionary of the various dialects of Akkadian.
asmar.uchicago.edu/OI/PROJ/CAD/CAD.html
- Code of Hammurabi@
dir.yahoo.com/.../Mesopotamia/Code_of_Hammurabi
- Collection of Contracts from Mesopotamia, c. 2300 - 428 BCE
Ancient History Sourcebook.
www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/mesopotamia-contracts.html
- Counting in Babylon
Weights, measures, numbering systems, fractions, and more.
www.phys.virginia.edu/classes/109N/lectures/babylon.html
- Course of the Yom Kippur War
Description of the war, its causes, and the Sinai I and II agreements that ended it.
www.palestinefacts.org/pf_1967to1991_ykwar_course.php
- Crimean Tatar
Culture and history of the Crimean Tatars.
www.euronet.nl/users/sota/krimtatar.html
- Crusader and Ayyubid Period (1099-1250)
Including information on prominent people, costumes, and food from the period.
jeru.huji.ac.il/ef1.htm
- Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative
Working to make available online the form and content of cuneiform tablets dating from the beginning of writing, circa 3200 BC, until the end of the third millennium.
www.cdli.ucla.edu
- Cuneiform Inscriptions of the University of Minnesota
Representation of the university's cunieform inscriptions, including pictures, transliterations, translations, and commentary.
special.lib.umn.edu/rare/cuneiform
- Cuneiform Numbers
Demonstrates the vertical wedge and corner edge system used for large and small numbers.
it.stlawu.edu/~dmelvill/mesomath/Numbers.html
- Cuneiform Tablets From the Reign of Guden of Lagash to Shalmannassar III
Library of Congress exhibit presenting clay tablets, cones, and brick fragments inscribed using the ancient writing system known as cuneiform.
international.loc.gov/intldl/cuneihtml/cuneihome.html
- Cyrus the Great
First Achaemenian Emperor of Persia, who is belived to be the first head of state to issue a decree on the rights of nations.
www.oznet.net/cyrus
- Cyrus the Great (590-529 BCE)@
dir.yahoo.com/.../Persian_Empire/Cyrus_the_Great__590_529_BCE_
- Daily Bible Study - The Persian Empire
Includes a map, kings list, and general background information.
www.execulink.com/~wblank/20000227.htm
- Darius the Great (550-486 BCE)@
dir.yahoo.com/.../Persian_Empire/Darius_the_Great__550_486_BCE_
- Diyala Miscellaneous Objects Publication Project
Presentation of base data from the Oriental Institute's excavations (1930-38) in the Diyala River basin of Mesopotamia, northeast of Baghdad.
www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/PROJ/DIY/Diyala1.html
- Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL)
Catalog of literary works composed in the Sumerian language in ancient Mesopotamie during the late third and early second millennia BC.
www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk
- Encyclopedia of the Orient: Six-Day War
Includes hypertext links to background information on the countries that were involved.
i-cias.com/e.o/sixdaywr.htm
- Enheduanna (c.2285-2250 BCE)@
dir.yahoo.com/.../Poets/Enheduanna__c_2285_2250_BCE_
- Enuma Elish@
dir.yahoo.com/.../Mesopotamia/Enuma_Elish
- Epic of Gilgamesh@
dir.yahoo.com/.../Mesopotamia/Epic_of_Gilgamesh
- Eshkol, Levi (1895-1969)@
dir.yahoo.com/.../Prime_Ministers/Eshkol__Levi__1895_1969_
- Gateways To Babylon
Tribute to Mesopotamia, with features and links on myths, religion, and gods and goddesses.
www.gatewaystobabylon.com
- Greek Reports of Babylonia, Chaldea, and Assyria
From the Ancient History Sourcebook.
www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/greek-babylon.html
- Hanging Gardens of Babylon@
Read about the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the terraced gardens that are often named as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Browse descriptions of the Gardens from ancient travelers and modern archaeologists, and see artists' renderings of how they might have appeared.
dir.yahoo.com/.../Seven_Wonders_of_the_Ancient_World/Hanging_Gardens_of_Babylon
- Historical Maps of the Middle East
Directory of reference maps from the ancient period through the Muslim conquest to World War II.
www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/history_middle_east.html
- History in the News: Middle East
Annotated directory of resources on Middle Eastern history, culture, society, religion, economics, and politics. From the Department of History, SUNY Albany.
www.albany.edu/history/middle-east
- History of Egypt: Ayyubid Period
www.touregypt.net/hayyubid.htm
- History of Persian Empire
Includes links Persian history as well as translations of ancient texts.
iran-tarikh.tripod.com
- History of Plumbing - Babylonia
From theplumber.com.
www.theplumber.com/history.html
- History of the Ancient Middle East
Including sections on Ahikar The Wise, Ashurbanipal, Hammurabi, Mar Narsai, the Aramaic Language and The Church of the East.
pw1.netcom.com/~aldawood/links.htm
- History of the Ancient Near East
Offers details about sites in ancient Israel, Iraq, Turkey, and elsewhere.
ancientneareast.tripod.com/index.html
- Hoveyda, Amir Abbas (1919-1979)
Late Prime Minister of Iran.
www.hoveyda.org
- Hussein, Saddam@
Read about Saddam Hussein, the former President of Iraq executed by Iraqi Special Tribunal. Sites offer biography, political career, interview, trial and execution, photographs, and music videos.
dir.yahoo.com/.../Government_Officials/Hussein__Saddam
- Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Mesopotamia
Contains information on Sumeria, Akkadia, Babylonia, and other civilizations that flourished in the geographic region of Mesopotamia.
www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/asbook03.html
- Israel 1967 and Afterward
From the U.S. Army Area Handbooks.
gopher://gopher.umsl.edu/00/library/govdocs/armyahbs/aahb6/aah60012
- Kadjar/Qajar Dynasty
History of the Persian dynasty that ruled from 1794 until the advent of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1925.
www.almanach.be/search/i/iran_kadjar1.html
- Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah (1902-1989)@
dir.yahoo.com/.../People/Khomeini__Ayatollah_Ruhollah__1902_1989_
- King Hammurabi (c.1792-1750 BCE)@
dir.yahoo.com/.../Mesopotamia/King_Hammurabi__c_1792_1750_BCE_
- Livius: Mesopotamia
Features articles on the history of ancient Mesopotamia as well as descriptions, pictures, and translations of cuneiform tablets from the region.
www.livius.org/babylonia.html
- Machal - Volunteers in the Israel's War of Independence
History of the Volunteers in Israel's War of Independence.
www.sabra.net/machal/menubar.html
- Maps of War
![[pick]](http://us.i1.yimg.com/us.yimg.com/i/pk/d_pick.gif) [read review]
Interactive historical maps of Middle East war zones throughout history.
www.mapsofwar.com
- Medicine in Ancient Mesopotamia
Includes descriptions of cuneiform medical texts, Mesopotamian concepts of disease and healing, and types of healers.
viator.ucs.indiana.edu/~ancmed/meso.HTM
- Megiddo@
dir.yahoo.com/.../Ancient_History/Megiddo
- Mesopotamia Glossary: Cuneiform
Introduction to the system of picture writing invented by the Sumerians and handed down to the Semitic peoples who conquered Mesopotamia in later centuries.
www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/CUNEI.HTM
- Mr. Dowling's Electronic Passport: Mesopotamia
Sections on the Fertile Crescent area include the Sumerians, the Assyrians, the calendar, writing, and Hammurabi.
www.mrdowling.com/603mesopotamia.html
- Mubarak, Hosni@
dir.yahoo.com/.../Government/Government_Officials
- Muslims Internet Directory: Ayyubid Dynasty
Annotated listing of sites related to the history of the dynasty and its sultans.
www.idleb.com/directory/Religion_Of_Islam/History/Islamic_Dynasties/Ayyubid...
- National Security Archive: Shaking Hands with Saddam Hussein
Offers an electronic briefing on U.S. relations with Iraq from 1980-1984.
www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB82
- Nebuchadnezzar@
dir.yahoo.com/.../Mesopotamia/Nebuchadnezzar
- Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project
Existing to collect all published and unpublished Neo-Assyrian texts into an electronic database.
www.helsinki.fi/science/saa
- Netanyahu, Binyamin@
dir.yahoo.com/.../Prime_Ministers/Netanyahu__Binyamin
- Old Persian Texts
www.avesta.org/op/op.htm
- Pahlavi Dynasty (1925-1979)@
dir.yahoo.com/.../By_Subject/Royalty
- Pahlavi, Mohammed Reza (1919-1980)@
dir.yahoo.com/.../People/Pahlavi__Mohammed_Reza__1919_1980_
- Palestine - Home of History
www.palestinehistory.com
- Palestine Remembered
Nonprofit organization dedicated to preserve the memory and experiences of Palestinians and to share experiences among Palestinian refugees.
www.PalestineRemembered.com
- Parthian Empire, The
Describes the art, history, and archaeological record of the Parthians, who ruled a territory centered on ancient Persia from 247 B.C. to A.D. 228.
www.parthia.com
- Peres, Shimon@
dir.yahoo.com/.../Prime_Ministers/Peres__Shimon
- Persepolis
Catalog of photographs of the ruins of the ancient capitol of the Persian Empire. Presented by the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago.
www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/MUS/PA/IRAN/PAAI/PAAI.html
- Photographing Cuneiform Tablets
High-definition photographic project.
www.bham.ac.uk/english/bibliography/work99/cuneiform
- Proverbs in Sumerian Cuneiform
Ancient Sumerian proverbs, written in cuneiform with English translations and notes.
www.sumerian.org/proverbs.htm
- Rise of the Human Race: Notes on Sumeria
Concerning the Ancient Near East civilization.
www.emayzine.com/lectures/sumeria.htm
- RIWAQ - Centre for Architectural Conservation
Nonprofit organization established in the year 1991 in order to conserve and protect Palestinian cultural heritage.
www.riwaq.org
- Shamir, Yitzhak@
dir.yahoo.com/.../Prime_Ministers/Shamir__Yitzhak
- Sharett, Moshe (1894-1965)@
dir.yahoo.com/.../Prime_Ministers/Sharett__Moshe__1894_1965_
- Six Days in June
Essay on the Six Day War by William C. Varner.
www.foigm.org/IMG/sixdays.htm
- Smithsonian Institution: Love & Yearning
[read review]
Flash exhibit exploring mystical and moral themes in Persian poetry and painting.
www.asia.si.edu/exhibitions/online/loveyearning
- Splendor of Persia
Includes information on the empire's great kings, scared city of Persepolis, and the Parthians.
ali.sdc.uwo.ca/splendor.html
- Stolen Stones
Archaeology magazine article concerning the modern sack of Nineveh, home of the Sennacherib Palace, located in northern Iraq.
www.archaeology.org/online/features/nineveh/index.html
- Stolen Stones: The Modern Sack of Nineveh
Online feature from Archaeology Magazine, written by John Malcolm Russell.
www.archaeology.org/online/features/nineveh/index.html
- Straits of Hormuz
History of Hormuz, the town, the island and the Strait, the Musandam Peninsula and the adjacent littoral.
www.dataxinfo.com/hormuz
- Sumerian Language Page
Includes Sumerian lexicon, counting tokens, proverbs, and map of archaeological sites.
www.sumerian.org
- Sumerian Lexicon Project
Forum for the presentation and discussion of particular points of the Sumerian lexicon.
www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/PROJ/SUM/Sumerian.html
- The Story of the Greatest Nations
Text of a 1913 history book, covering ancient times from Babylonia to classic Greek Civilizaion.
www.publicbookshelf.com/public_html/The_Story_of_the_Greatest_Nations_and_t...
- Tower of Babel@
dir.yahoo.com/.../Ziggurats/Tower_of_Babel
- Travelers in the Middle East Archive (TIMEA)
Digital archive of texts, images, and maps that focuses on Western interactions with the Middle East, particularly travels to Egypt during the 19th and early 20th centuries.
timea.rice.edu
- Ugaritic Cunneiform Transliterator
Interactive applet that displays a transliterated version of the text entered by the user.
www.17webplace.com/translit/tranparser.htm
- Ur@
dir.yahoo.com/.../Sumeria/Ur
- USS Liberty (AGTR-5)@
dir.yahoo.com/.../Fleets_and_Ships/USS_Liberty__AGTR_5_
- Virtual Museum Mesopotamian Art
Collections for the University of Chicago's Oriental Institute. Requires Quicktime VR.
www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/MUS/QTVR96/QTVR96_Image_ME_Menu.html
- Web Directory: Ancient Mesopotamia by History Link 101
Directory of sites about Mesopotamia in the areas of art, biography, daily life, maps, pictures, and research.
www.historylink101.com/ancient_mesopotamia.htm
- Wikipedia: Mesopotamia
Historical overview of Mesopotamia, covering language, writing, science, religion, culture, economy, government, and other aspects of ancient civilizations in this region.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia
- Wikipedia: Ziggurat
Temple tower of the ancient Mesopotamian valley, having the form of a terraced pyramid of successively receding stories.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziggurat
- Woolley and the Great Flood
Examines the Mesopotamian flood tradition.
mcclungmuseum.utk.edu/specex/ur/ur-flood.htm
- World History Cuneiform
Translations including raw cuneiform, the phonetic layer, and Sennacherib's Prism, related to a few chapters in the Old Testament.
www.cuneiformandthebible.org
- Written in Stone
Presents examples from the Epigraphy Collections of the National Museum of Saudi Arabia. Provides a photographic look at ancient inscriptions.
www.mnh.si.edu/epigraphy
- Yom Kippur War: Grand Deception or Intelligence Blunder
Military analysis arguing that the self-confidence permeating the Israeli intelligence and defense communities set the stage for the Arab invasion.
www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1991/RRC.htm
- Ziggurat
Form of temple common to the Sumerians, Babylonians, and Assyrians.
www.crystalinks.com/ziggurat.html
- Ziggurats
Online exhibit dedicated to the stepped towers. From The British Museum.
www.mesopotamia.co.uk/ziggurats
- Ziggurats of Ancient Mesopotamia
Gallery including artist renderings of the ancient brick towers and photographs of their actual ruins.
joseph_berrigan.tripod.com/id18.html
- Ziggurats: Temple Platforms of Ancient Mesopotamia
Artificial stepped temple platforms constructed on the flat flood plains.
www.meridianmagazine.com/ideas/040112zuggurats.html
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